Saving Sanna: The Race to Rescue a Nearly Extinct Language in Cyprus

In the quaint village of Kormakitis, Cyprus, Iosif Skordis, 97, shares stories in a language that few can understand. Cypriot Maronite Arabic, or Sanna, is spoken by only about 900 people worldwide and traces its roots back to the language of Jesus Christ. Once thriving across numerous villages, this unique dialect now finds its last stronghold in Kormakitis. Sanna is an offshoot of Syrian Arabic with Greek influences and was traditionally passed down orally. The Council of Europe warns it’s at risk of extinction as one Indigenous language disappears every two weeks globally. However, the Maronite community in Cyprus is determined to preserve it. With support from the Cypriot government and European Union funding, efforts are underway to revive Sanna. Schools have been established, a written alphabet created, and classes initiated to teach the language. "Sanna … is undoubtedly one of the most distinguishing features of our cultural identity," said Yiannakis Moussas, representing the Maronite community in Cyprus's legislature. The history of Sanna dates back centuries when Arab Christians fled persecution in Syria and Lebanon for Cyprus. Over time, isolation led to a distinct evolution incorporating Greek elements into its structure. The Turkish invasion in 1974 scattered many Maronites southward on the island, threatening their cultural heritage as intermarriage with Greek Cypriots increased. Today’s linguistic preservation efforts include recording archives and developing educational materials for teaching Sanna. Despite these initiatives' early stages, such as summer camps and school programs, community leaders like retired teacher Ilias Zonias emphasize that more young families must return to Kormakitis for lasting success. "I don’t want to be the last teacher of Sanna," Zonias expressed passionately.

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Are Emojis Secretly Boosting Your Relationships?

Have you ever wondered why some text messages feel warmer and more engaging than others? The answer might lie in the emojis we use. According to a study led by Eun Huh at The University of Texas at Austin, these small digital icons play a significant role in enhancing connections through digital communication. The study involved 260 adults who were asked to read identical text conversations with one difference: the presence or absence of emojis. Participants then rated how responsive and engaged their conversation partner seemed. The findings revealed that messages featuring emojis made people perceive their partners as more attentive and emotionally engaged. This perception led to feelings of closeness, higher relationship satisfaction, and even increased likability. Emojis function as digital body language in our text-based exchanges. In face-to-face interactions, we rely on tone, facial expressions, and gestures to convey emotions and show care. Emojis fill this gap in textual communication by adding emotional nuance and clarity. They help make intentions clear, reduce misunderstandings, and infuse messages with a personal touch. "Emojis signal attentiveness," the study explains, suggesting that including an emoji in your reply shows you're engaged with the conversation rather than merely skimming it. These little icons also add emotional context; whether it's a heart, laughing face, or thumbs-up, they convey feelings instantly. Interestingly enough, the type of emoji used doesn't significantly affect perceived responsiveness, as long as it aligns emotionally with the message's tone. This means there's no need to worry about picking the "perfect" emoji; just ensure it matches your text’s mood. While emojis can sometimes be ambiguous or misunderstood, especially in sarcastic or complex exchanges, their overall impact remains positive. They're akin to traditional methods like underlining or using exclamation marks that add nonverbal cues to written messages. In our screen-dominated communication era, staying emotionally connected is increasingly important. Emojis offer a straightforward way to express attentiveness and warmth in texts, strengthening relationships along the way. For those curious if not sending enough emojis could mean missing out on deeper connections, consider experimenting with them in your next message exchange. After all, billions of these colorful characters are shared every day across various platforms—emphasizing their enduring presence in our digital communications arsenal.

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Looking for Allergy Relief? Scientists Just Unveiled a ‘Molecular Shield’ Against Allergy Season

Every pollen season feels like a marathon, doesn't it? You’re sneezing, your eyes are itchy, and all the antihistamines in the world don’t seem to cut it. But vaccine experts have been busy working on a new solution that could make life during allergy season a little more bearable. Researchers have developed an antibody treatment that can be applied as a nasal spray, intercepting allergens before they trigger reactions. This innovative approach was led by Kaissar Tabynov at the International Center for Vaccinology at Kazakh National Agrarian Research University. The team focused on mugwort pollen, a major culprit behind pollen allergies in Central Asia and Europe. Their findings were published in Frontiers in Immunology, showing promising results with mice. Tabynov explained that while allergies may seem minor to some, they significantly affect millions of people. "We believe this could be the beginning of a new class of anti-allergy interventions—smart, fast, and easy to use—that could protect people during allergy season in a way no existing therapy does," he told Gizmodo via email. The process involves creating monoclonal antibodies—lab-made proteins designed to target specific molecules. In this case, they zeroed in on proteins found in mugwort pollen. When these antibodies are sprayed into the nose, they grab onto allergens before our natural antibodies can react with them and cause symptoms. Adjusting the treatment so it didn't interfere with the immune systems of mice was challenging. Mugwort pollen is composed of multiple allergenic particles, so identifying clinically relevant parts was critical. After several tweaks, researchers succeeded in crafting an antibody treatment that reduced nasal inflammation and asthma symptoms without affecting natural antibodies. Although the treatment didn’t last as long as desired, Tabynov says his team plans to extend its duration. "Our approach is non-invasive, needle-free, and fast-acting," Tabynov added. This method aims to lighten the allergen load on the immune system and might prevent conditions like allergic rhinitis from progressing into bronchial asthma. For those suffering from allergies who can't take standard antihistamines or don't want lengthy immunotherapy sessions, this nasal spray could be a game-changer. It offers potential relief by stopping allergens dead in their tracks before they cause problems. So, when can we expect this breakthrough at our local pharmacies? That’s still up in the air. Tabynov estimates human trials could begin within two to three years, but acknowledges further work is needed to enhance its effectiveness for human use. For now, lifelong allergy sufferers have something new to look forward to—a fresh take on tackling seasonal misery straight from nature's source.

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Bionic Breakthrough: Scientists Integrate Prosthetic Knee Directly Into Bone, Revolutionizing Movement

A major leap forward in prosthetics is bringing science fiction closer to reality. Researchers in the U.S. have developed a new bionic knee that helps people with above-the-knee amputations walk more naturally, climb stairs more easily, and even feel like their prosthetic is part of their own body. Unlike traditional prosthetics that sit in a socket, this new system is anchored directly into the bone and connected to the user’s muscles. That means more control, better balance, and—for many—the first time their artificial limb truly feels like a part of them. MIT scientist Dr. Hugh Herr, a lead researcher on the study, says the breakthrough transforms a prosthetic from a “tool” into an “integral part of self.” The key is a special surgical technique called AMI (agonist-antagonist myoneural interface), which reconnects muscle pairs during amputation so they can still send and receive signals like before. The new system, called OMP (osseointegrated mechanoneural prosthesis), goes even further by inserting a titanium rod into the leg bone, which links to sensors in the muscles and sends those signals to a robotic knee. When tested, people with the full system were better at climbing stairs, stepping over obstacles, and bending their knees than others using standard prosthetics. They also reported feeling more connected to their limb, as if it were part of their own body, not a machine. The technology is still in clinical trials, but Dr. Herr believes it could be widely available within five years. And for people with limb loss, that could mean not just better mobility, but a better quality of life.

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Why Sending Cute Animal Pics Is the New Love Language

Sharing cute animal pictures online is more than just a way to brighten your day. A recent study suggests that these adorable images help people connect on a deeper level. This activity, informally dubbed "pebbling," draws inspiration from Gentoo penguins, which offer pebbles to potential mates as tokens of affection. Professor Ghalia Shamayleh, who led the study at ESSEC Business School, explained the concept in an interview with BBC Science Focus. "Our research observes a similar behaviour in humans interacting on social media," she said. In this digital age, animal posts serve as modern-day pebbles, tokens of affection shared to strengthen relationships. Why are animal posts so effective? They're universally appealing and have an uncanny ability to bring people together. In real life, animals often act as social catalysts; online, their influence only amplifies. The study noted that pet-based social media accounts infuse love and joy into their content through visual cues and 'Petspeak'—a playful blend of language unique to pet lovers. You might think sharing an animal picture with someone you don't know well is like giving them a generic gift. But Shamayleh's research discovered the opposite: people carefully select which animal posts to share based on their recipients' tastes and shared experiences. For instance, sending a video of clumsy baby pandas accompanied by a personal joke can recall fond memories or inside jokes between friends. To reach these conclusions, Shamayleh and co-author Professor Zeynep Arsel from Concordia University monitored several pet-based media accounts and interviewed content creators and fans. They found that when people send these images or videos, they aren't just sharing something cute; they're saying, "This reminded me of us." Shamayleh emphasizes that sharing such content strengthens interpersonal connections by drawing on shared history or personal knowledge about someone's preferences. So next time you spot an endearing doggo or kitten online, consider sharing it with someone special—it might say more than words ever could. Shamayleh specializes in socio-cultural consumer phenomena and examines how digital interactions impact both human and interspecies relationships.

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This Dinosaur Museum Just Uncovered a Fossil Treasure Beneath Its Own Parking Lot

The Denver Museum of Nature & Science found a dinosaur fossil right under its parking lot. The discovery came from drilling more than 230 meters below the surface to evaluate geothermal heating potential. What they pulled up was a small piece of a dinosaur bone, shaped like a hockey puck. The chance of hitting a fossil in such a narrow borehole, only 5 centimeters wide, is incredibly slim. James Hagadorn, the museum’s curator of geology, described it as "like hitting a hole in one from the moon." This rare find is one of only two or three similar discoveries globally. The fossil is believed to be part of a vertebra from a small plant-eating dinosaur that roamed the area about 67.5 million years ago during the late Cretaceous period. Back then, an asteroid impact ended the age of dinosaurs around 66 million years ago. In addition to the bone, scientists also found fossilized vegetation in the borehole, suggesting that this dinosaur lived in a swampy environment rich with plants. Patrick O'Connor, curator of vertebrate paleontology at the museum, noted that past finds in Denver have included parts of Tyrannosaurus rex and triceratops-like fossils. However, this latest discovery sets records for being both the deepest and oldest yet found in Denver. Opinions on the significance of this find vary among experts. Thomas Williamson from the New Mexico Museum of Natural History & Science acknowledged it as surprising but not particularly exciting scientifically, due to the difficulty in identifying its exact species. On another note, Erin LaCount from Dinosaur Ridge near Denver expressed enthusiasm via email, calling it "absolutely legit and VERY COOL." LaCount speculated that the fossil might belong to either a duck-billed dinosaur or thescelosaurus, a smaller species with some similarities. Currently displayed at the Denver Museum of Nature & Science, there are no plans for further excavation under their parking lot despite curiosity about what else might lie beneath. Hagadorn joked about wanting to dig deeper but admitted practicality prevails: "I don't think that's going to fly because we really need parking."

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Are Blue Sharks the Ocean's Unexpected Chameleons? Study Uncovers a Color-Changing Secret

Scientists at the City University of Hong Kong have revealed something intriguing about blue sharks, known scientifically as Prionace glauca. While their name might suggest a straightforward color story, these creatures can potentially change color in a manner reminiscent of chameleons. Researchers focused on the role of nanostructures in the shark's skin. These structures are responsible not only for the shark's distinct blue appearance but might also enable it to alter its hue based on its surroundings. Animals tend to produce color through different methods. Some use pigmented cells that reflect specific colors by filtering wavelengths from light around them. Others rely on microscopic structures that scatter light and manipulate which wavelengths are visible, much like peacock feathers do. A select few animals can adjust their color-producing features in response to environmental changes, altering how they absorb or scatter light. The recent study suggests that blue sharks possess this ability. Blue sharks are typically dark blue on their backs with lighter undersides. Their skin is covered with dermal denticles—tiny tooth-like scales—that contain pulp cavities key to their coloring. Inside these cavities, scientists found guanine crystals reflecting blue light and melanin sacs absorbing other colors. “These components are packed into separate cells, reminiscent of bags filled with mirrors and bags with black absorbers, but kept in close association so they work together,” explained Viktoriia Kamska, a molecular biologist at CUHK. The research team used advanced imaging techniques such as optical and electron microscopy and spectroscopy to study these denticles. They discovered that altering the spacing between layers of guanine crystals could change the shark's color from blue to green or yellow as needed. Chameleons also change colors by adjusting guanine crystal arrangements. In the case of blue sharks, this feature could enhance camouflage abilities. For instance, when descending into deeper waters where it's darker, pressure could compress these crystal layers, darkening their skin accordingly. While these effects have been simulated in laboratory conditions, researchers plan to investigate how this mechanism works in wild sharks' natural settings. Understanding this process could shed light on nature's engineering feats at the nanoscale level. The findings were presented at the Society for Experimental Biology Annual Conference held in Belgium.

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Ireland Achieves Groundbreaking Energy Milestone: Here's What It Means for the Future

Ireland has officially waved goodbye to coal-fired electricity. After more than four decades, the country's last coal power plant in County Clare is shutting down. This marks a significant transition for Ireland as it joins other European nations in phasing out coal, a highly polluting energy source. The change comes after similar moves by the UK, and Spain and Italy are expected to follow soon. "This is the end of coal in Ireland and the start of a cleaner energy future," said Paddy Hayes, chief executive officer of ESB, emphasizing the importance of this shift. Ireland's leap away from coal is powered by its impressive wind sector. Wind energy now generates over one-third of the nation's electricity, making it a cornerstone for renewable energy efforts. Across Europe, there has been a concerted effort to minimize reliance on coal while boosting renewables. According to energy think tank Ember, Europe has already slashed coal's share in electricity by nearly half in recent years. Despite closing the Moneypoint plant, Ireland won't completely abandon fossil fuels just yet. The site will remain on standby to burn oil during emergencies until 2029. Additionally, it's being upgraded with technology like a synchronous compensator to help stabilize the grid as renewable sources become more prevalent. Burning coal has long been criticized for its environmental impact. It releases substantial carbon emissions that contribute to global warming and produces air pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides that can lead to health issues like asthma and heart disease. Coal plants also pose risks to water supplies and nearby ecosystems due to toxic waste emissions. By removing coal from its energy mix, Ireland aims to cut pollution and combat climate change effectively. However, experts caution that more investments in grid storage and flexibility are needed to meet increasing energy demands without encountering setbacks. Transitioning away from coal is an essential step for Ireland as it works towards achieving its climate objectives through clean energy initiatives. Environmental groups are urging continued progress in this area to maintain momentum toward sustainability goals. As Paddy Hayes put it, "This is the end of coal in Ireland."

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Olivia Munn Reveals Breast Cancer Test That Saved Her Life Also Helped Save Her Mother

Actress Olivia Munn recently revealed on social media that a breast cancer risk assessment test not only saved her life but also her mother's. Munn, 45, shared the news of her mother's diagnosis and credited the Lifetime Risk Assessment test with playing a crucial role in identifying their cancer risks early on. The Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool (BCRAT), which is based on the Gail Model, was instrumental in these diagnoses. Developed by Dr. Mitchell Gail at the National Cancer Institute, this tool estimates a woman's likelihood of developing invasive breast cancer within five years and up to age 90. Munn's own experience with this test illustrates its impact. A year ago, despite negative results from mammograms and genetic tests, the risk assessment score prompted her to get a biopsy. It revealed Luminal B cancer in both breasts, an aggressive form of cancer that requires immediate attention. The BCRAT considers various factors, including age, race, medical history, reproductive history, and family history of breast cancer among close relatives like mothers and sisters. This information helps calculate what is known as "absolute breast cancer risk." According to previous reports by Fox News Digital, a five-year risk score of 1.67 percent or higher is considered high-risk. In such cases, healthcare providers might suggest medications to lower the chance of developing cancer. Dr. Nicole Saphier from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center highlights the importance of individual risk assessments for women. She noted that Olivia Munn's doctor may have played a critical role in saving her life by recommending this evaluation. While standard mammograms are effective for nearly half the population, others might need additional screenings like ultrasounds or MRIs based on breast density and other risk factors. Saphier also pointed out that less than 5 percent of women diagnosed with breast cancer will have it in both breasts; Olivia Munn was one such rare case. Munn's story underscores how advances in medical screening can provide lifesaving information not just for individuals but for families, too. Her advocacy for awareness about these assessment tools continues to be significant for many facing similar challenges.

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Local Hero Alerts Residents to a Blaze, Saving Lives in Dramatic Rescue

A passer-by in Rotherham is being hailed as a hero after alerting residents of a large fire at their block of flats. Sarad Yousaf, 43, noticed flames and smoke coming from the roof of Moorgate Lodges on Moorgate Road around 5:30 PM on Monday. Without hesitation, he called emergency services and rushed into the building to warn residents. "I saw flames and smoke, but no one was coming out," Yousaf said. "I phoned 999 and ran across the road." His quick thinking likely saved lives, as there were still many people inside the building when he arrived. Saleem Ahmed, a resident who only discovered the danger due to Yousaf's warning, expressed his gratitude. "He put his own life at risk. I could have died. I call him a hero," Ahmed said. Yousaf, who runs a phone shop in the town center, was walking home when he spotted the fire. He described seeing flames near the eaves and guttering and knew it was serious. After banging on doors and pressing the fire alarm button, he managed to get residents' attention despite initial confusion about his intentions. Ahmed recounted thinking Yousaf was a delivery person at first until he heard him shout about the fire. Just moments later, Ahmed realized how dire the situation was as smoke began entering his flat. The blaze left Ahmed with nothing but memories; he lost documents and clothes in the fire. The Red Cross provided new clothing for him while Rotherham Council arranged temporary accommodation. "My mind is seeing the boom, banging and fire brigade," Ahmed recalled of that harrowing evening. South Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service responded promptly to Yousaf’s emergency call. Upon arrival, they found a fully involved fire within the roof of one residential property. The operation required seven fire engines, an aerial ladder, and several specialist support vehicles before concluding late Tuesday night. Officials believe the fire started accidentally, but praised Yousaf's actions during this critical moment. Despite being lauded as a hero himself, Yousaf downplayed his role, saying, "I did what any normal person would have done." As authorities continue to assess damage from this incident on Moorgate Road, it remains clear that quick action by individuals like Sarad Yousaf can make all the difference when faced with emergencies such as these.

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The Surprising Trick to Beat Afternoon Slumps: Healthy Snacks That Actually Work

Sticking to healthy snacks during a busy workday can be tricky, especially when less-than-healthy options are so tempting. Claire Paré knows this challenge well. As a former classroom teacher, she had her snack game sorted with granola bars and protein shakes. But when she started working from home in New Hampshire for McGraw Hill, her kids' cheddar bunny crackers became hard to resist. Snacking smartly during the workday is not just about resisting temptation; it’s about making choices that keep you fueled and focused. Nutrition experts like Beth Czerwony from the Cleveland Clinic warn against sugary or salty packaged snacks. They might give you a quick energy boost, but can lead to an energy crash later on. "Some people just chase that for a while," Czerwony notes, pointing out how such habits can create unhealthy spikes and drops in blood sugar levels. For those looking to maintain energy throughout the day, focusing on high-protein snacks is key. Caroline Susie, a dietitian from Dallas, advises choosing Greek yogurt or hard-boiled eggs over refined carbs like bagels, which can cause rapid blood sugar changes. Pairing carbohydrates with lean proteins can help sustain fullness longer. Czerwony emphasizes mixing lean proteins with complex carbs like crackers or fruit for a balanced snack. "The carbohydrates are like the kindling on the fire," she explains, while proteins provide a slow burn for lasting energy. Crunchy cravings? The American Heart Association suggests satisfying your munchies with sliced apples and peanut butter or veggies paired with hummus. Roasted chickpeas also offer both protein and carbs without packing in unnecessary sugars or salts. If you're reaching for packaged snacks, take time to read nutrition labels. Check for added sugars and sodium content to make healthier choices. Bringing your own snacks gives more control over quality and portion size, too. Petra Durnin, who works at JLL in Los Angeles, opts for smoothies packed with greens and seeds as her go-to afternoon snack. These keep her full until dinner and help avoid the chips-and-chocolate trap. "I feel like I have better brain clarity," says Durnin. Healthy snacking doesn’t mean giving up treats entirely, though. If there's cake at a coworker’s birthday party, enjoy it without guilt as long as it's occasional. "Let’s not demonize food," Susie advises. Sometimes cravings signal more than just hunger—they could indicate dietary deficiencies, according to Czerwony. So if you're constantly longing for chips, it might be worth examining your diet more closely. In Chicago's Auditorium Theater lobby, Gisela Marx manages hectic event days by packing watermelon and nuts but keeps Reese’s Pieces as an emergency comfort stash too—just knowing they're there seems enough most of the time.

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